UK construction law for builders, subcontractors & clients

General information · not legal advice

Tower cranes over a building site with concrete foundations at low sun

Contracts · Payments · Administration · Disputes

Every brick, every clause. UK construction law, made clear.

Free, practical guides for builders, subcontractors and clients: choosing the right contract, JCT and NEC explained, getting paid on time, running a project by the book and resolving disputes through mediation and adjudication.

For BuildersSubcontractorsClientsHomeowners

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  • Plain-English law no jargon
  • Official sources linked on every guide
  • Builders & clients both sides explained
  • Free to use no sign-up

Why builders and clients use BuildLaw

Written from the law itself

Every guide is built from legislation, court judgments and official guidance, which we link to, and dated so you can see when it was checked.

Both sides of the contract

Contractors, subcontractors, employers and homeowners all have rights and duties. We explain each side fairly, so you know where you stand.

Free advice, expert help on hand

Most questions are answered by our free guides, examples and case studies. When you need more, we introduce you to qualified, independent professionals.

Free tool

Payment deadline calculator

Enter a payment due date to see the Construction Act deadlines under the Scheme for Construction Contracts. Your contract may set different periods, so check it.

Change the periods (if your contract differs)

Your key dates

    Days are counted as section 116 of the Construction Act requires: the start date isn’t counted, and Christmas Day, Good Friday and bank holidays are skipped. Loading bank holidays from GOV.UK… Northern Ireland uses its own Construction Contracts Order. A guide, not legal advice: see how the payment rules work.

    Key rules at a glance

    Some of the rules that matter most on UK building projects. Each one links to a full guide with the conditions and exceptions.

    Payment rules in full →
    Payment

    Payment notice: 5 days

    The payer must say what it will pay, and how that sum is worked out, no later than 5 days after each payment due date.

    Payment notices →
    Payment

    Pay less before the deadline

    To pay less than the notified sum, the payer must serve a pay less notice in time. Under the Scheme, that’s at least 7 days before the final date for payment.

    Pay less notices →
    Payment

    Suspend on 7 days’ notice

    If the notified sum isn’t paid by the final date, the payee can suspend work after giving at least 7 days’ notice of intention to suspend.

    Right to suspend →
    Disputes

    Adjudicate at any time

    Either party to a construction contract can refer a dispute to adjudication at any time. The decision is due within 28 days of referral, unless extended.

    How adjudication works →
    Late payment

    Statutory interest

    On business-to-business debts, the Late Payment Act lets you claim interest at 8% above the Bank of England base rate, unless the contract has a substantial remedy.

    Late payment interest →
    Payment

    No “pay when paid”

    “Pay when paid” clauses are generally ineffective under the Construction Act, except where a party further up the chain is insolvent.

    Unfair payment terms →
    Disputes

    Courts can order mediation

    Since October 2024 the Civil Procedure Rules expressly allow courts in England and Wales to order parties to engage in ADR, such as mediation.

    What changed →
    Defects

    30 years for some defects

    The Building Safety Act 2022 extended the time limit for Defective Premises Act claims about dwellings to 30 years for claims that arose before 28 June 2022, and 15 years for later ones.

    Defects and time limits →

    Sorting out a construction dispute

    1. Check the contract

      Find the clauses that apply: payment, notices, variations, extensions of time and dispute resolution. Note every deadline.

    2. Put it in writing

      Set out the problem, what you want and by when, with your evidence. Many disputes end here. See our example letters.

    3. Escalate the right way

      Negotiate, mediate or adjudicate, and only then arbitrate or go to court. See your options.

    Construction law in plain English

    Building work in the UK runs on contracts, and on a set of statutory rules that sit underneath them. The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (the “Construction Act”) gives most parties to construction contracts the right to be paid in stages, to know what they’ll be paid and why, to suspend work for non-payment and to refer disputes to adjudication at any time. Standard forms such as JCT and NEC then set out who does what, when, for how much and what happens when things change.

    BuildLaw turns all of that into practical guides: what the rule is, the deadlines that matter, worked examples and what to do next.

    For contractors, builders and subcontractors

    For clients, developers and homeowners

    How we write our guides

    We start from primary sources: legislation, the Civil Procedure Rules, published contract guidance and court judgments, and link to them at the end of each guide. Pages show the date they were last updated, and changes in the law are covered on our blog. Read our editorial standards.

    Our guides are general information, not legal advice. They can’t take account of your contract or your circumstances. For that, use our expert help or speak to a qualified professional.

    Last updated: 15 October 2026

    Frequently asked questions

    Is BuildLaw a law firm?
    No. BuildLaw is a free construction law information website. We don’t give legal advice or represent anyone. If you need advice, our services page explains how we can introduce you to independent, qualified professionals, who work under their own terms.
    Does BuildLaw cover Scotland and Northern Ireland?
    Yes. Our guides are written mainly for England and Wales, and we flag where Scotland or Northern Ireland differ. The Construction Act applies in England, Wales and Scotland, with separate Scheme regulations in Scotland, and Northern Ireland has its own Construction Contracts (Northern Ireland) Order 1997.
    Do the payment rules apply to work on my house?
    Mostly not. The Construction Act’s payment and adjudication rules don’t apply to contracts with a residential occupier for work on the home they live in, unless the contract itself includes them (some homeowner contracts do). Homeowners are protected by consumer law instead. See homeowners and builders.
    Can I use your example notices and letters?
    Yes, they’re free to adapt. They’re examples, not templates guaranteed for your situation: always check them against the payment and notice clauses in your own contract, which may set different deadlines or addresses for notices.
    How does BuildLaw make money?
    Some pages may include affiliate or referral links, and we may be paid when we introduce you to a service provider, at no extra cost to you. This never changes what our guides say. Read how we make money.

    What construction law question can we help with?